Montgomery Bus Boycotts impact on America

Montgomery Bus Boycotts sway on America Free Online Research Papers In 1955, Edgar Daniel Nixon, the leader of the nearby National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) part, alongside other network pioneers was hanging tight for an opportunity to challenge isolation on Montgomery Alabama’s open transports. They were trusting that the opportune individual will be captured, somebody who would defend their privileges. On Thursday, December 1, 1955, Rosa Louise McCauley Parks wouldn't surrender her seat when a white man asked her to. Nixon at long last got his opportunity and composed a gathering of the neighborhood clergymen. They picked the name Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) and selected Reverend Martin Luther King Junior as the pioneer. The evening of Rosa Parks’ capture, Jo Ann Robinson flowed a flyer requesting that all Negroes remain off all transports on Monday. The MIA had a gathering the following morning. They chose a proposition for an isolating line on transports so that there was a segment for blacks and a segment for whites. This would mean a white couldn't make a Negro stand up from their seat behind the line. They accepted this was a reasonable trade off the city would acknowledge. The MIA likewise needed all transport travelers to get common treatment by transport drivers, be situated on a first-come, first-served premise, and blacks to be utilized as transport drivers. They gave the proposition to the city that Friday. The blacklist began on Monday, December 5, 1955. Not many blacks rode the transport that day, so it was chosen to proceed with the blacklist. The viability of the blacklist was because of the way that most of travelers that rode the transports were dark, and without enough travelers the transport framework experienced incredible money related pain. The boycotters framed an arrangement of carpools, with vehicle proprietors moving individuals to different places in Montgomery. White housewives drove their hirelings to work. The city attempted to stop carpools by driving neighborhood insurance agencies to quit safeguarding the vehicles utilized in the carpools. Along these lines, blacklist pioneers orchestrated approaches with Lloyd’s of London, a British protection advertise. Dark cab drivers charged ten pennies for every ride, which was equivalent to the expense of riding the transport, until December 8 when city authorities required taxi drivers to charge in any event 45 penni es for every ride. Individuals likewise utilized different types of transportation, for example, strolling, cycling, or in any event, catching a ride. The country over, dark networks and holy places fund-raised for the blacklist and gathered new and marginally utilized shoes for the residents who presently strolled to work regular. After around a half year on June 4, 1956, the government locale court decided that Alabama’s racial isolation laws for transports were illegal. However, the case was claimed and the isolation laws were kept until on November 13, 1956, the Supreme Court maintained the lower court’s administering. This prompted a city law that permitted dark transport travelers to settle down anyplace they needed. The blacklist at last finished on December 20, 1956. The Montgomery Bus Boycott was one of the U.S. social liberties movement’s first triumphs. Not exclusively could the Montgomery blacks ride the transports as equivalents, however now blacks in different spots could as well. The blacklist began a development for balance that opened up open doors for some blacks to demonstrate that they were equivalent. Since it demonstrated that one Jim Crow law was unlawful, individuals started to think about whether perhaps all Jim Crow laws were illegal. The Montgomery Bus Boycott began a transformation in America that will never be overlooked. Examination Papers on Montgomery Bus Boycott's effect on AmericaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West MeetQuebec and CanadaHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHip-Hop is ArtNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL investigation of IndiaTwilight of the UAW

Leadership Motivation and Friedman free essay sample

?Question #1: Which University of Iowa, Michigan, and Ohio State initiative style does Art Friedman use? Is there mutiple? Craftsmanship utilizes the vote based, high representative focused, and low structure high thought authority styles. Friedman meets the standards for each of the three of the authority practices recorded above by permitting workers to settle on choices that will affect the organization, meeting their own needs, and speaking with them to create trust, backing, and regard, while remembering their best government assistance. He permits his employee’s the capacity to make their own calendars, see the organization as their own, decide their compensation, and shows his trust, by permitting them to acquire cash from the frivolous money framework when required. Question #2: Which explicit inspiration level, factor, and need (from the substance inspiration hypotheses) apply to Friedman Microwave Ovens? Franchisee are on the self-completion Hierarchy of necessities level, Art utilizes helpers (two-factor hypothesis) , and Art gives franchisees capacity to make elevated levels of progress (obtained need hypothesis). We will compose a custom exposition test on Initiative: Motivation and Friedman or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He accepted that his representatives were not spurred, so he actualized changes. He has given a situation that propels his representatives by permitting them to decide their own wages, incidental advantages (when they go on vacation), and making their own work routines. He additionally enables them to give their own professional stability and working conditions, in light of their capacity to deal with their own work, hours, and downtime. Friedman’s methods for persuading his representatives made an expansion in their profitability to procure the raises the workers considered fit for themselves. He didn't encounter an issue with under or overstaffing, and has demonstrated â€Å"It accomplished work, it despite everything works, and it will consistently work! † Question #3: Do value and hope hypothesis apply to this case? Clarify. Indeed, franchisees are dealt with fairly as they work for themselves and profit depend on their presentation. Franchisees can likewise set their own objective, which they accept they can meet (anticipation), acknowledging they will get the incomes (instrumentality), and the objectives can be of valance to them. I accept that both value and hope speculations apply to this case. The content expresses, that Equity Theory proposes â€Å"people are propelled when their apparent data sources equivalent outputs†. Friedman utilizes this hypothesis to spur his workers by permitting them to decide their own compensation and timetable. The content expresses that Expectancy Theory proposes â€Å"people are persuaded when they accept they can achieve the errand, they will get the prize, and the compensations for carrying out the responsibility merit the effort†. Friedman places obligation on his representatives by imparting that he needs them to feel the organization is â€Å"ours† not â€Å"his†. The inspirational procedure of permitting everybody to be a manager enables them to control their occupations. The prizes merit the exertion, since he permits them the adaptability to decide their own compensation and hours. Q#4. Which kind of support does Art use? Workmanship utilizes encouraging feedback as he lets franchisees do whatever them might feeling like doing. Friedman utilizes encouraging feedback in his organization. Friedman gives the uplifting feedback by permitting the representatives to decide their own wages and hours, as they see their own value. They are permitted to give themselves pay increments and modify or make their calendars as they see fit. He likewise permits them to get cash from the trivial money framework, at whatever point they have to. He demonstrated that none of the methods he has executed have been mishandled by any of his representatives. He has seen efficiency increment and contributes it to his business methods. Q5: Do you are aware of any associations that utilization any of Friedman’s or other uncommon procedures? In the event that indeed, what is the organization’s name? What does it do? I don't know about whatever other associations that utilization Friedman’s procedure. The nearest thing I could consider would be a self employed entity charging a business for administrations. They pick their rates and make their own calendars Q6: Could Friedman’s methods work in all associations? Clarify your answer. I unquestionably don't think Friedman’s methods could work in all associations, or even most associations so far as that is concerned. I think most organizations are too large to have the option to give such a high level of trust to their representatives without anybody manhandling it. I additionally imagine that individuals would feel more insulted and it would make workplace issues concerning the compensation. Q7: In a place of power, okay use Friedman’s strategies? Which ones? I for one would not utilize Friedman’s strategies. I do think it sounds a little â€Å"too great to be true†. I likewise would not have any desire to set myself in a place to have the option to be exploited. I figure such a large number of things could turn out badly and you could be blamed for things like bias. http://www. termpaperwarehouse. com/article on/Leadership-Ethics/180653

Essential Guide to the CPA Exam

Essential Guide to the CPA Exam WHAT IS CPA EXAM? For some, passing the CPA Exam denotes the climax of numerous long periods of exertion just as the start of a worthwhile profession.Most realize that you require a 75 to pass, however few know that a 75 does not speak to 75% right. Scoring a 75 demonstrates, per the AICPA,execution mirroring a dimension of information and expertise adequate for the security of people in general.So, how precisely does the AICPA grant the CPA passing score? How is the CPA Exam evaluated?Youll comprehend that subtle 75 somewhat better with the responses to these inquiries.CPA stands for Certified Public Accountant.To be a CPA, the candidate must pass this professional accounting exam. Each state has some different requirements but somehow this is common for all.To sit for the exam, the candidate must have a bachelors or master’s degree with concentration in accounting which means minimum 39 semester hours in business related studies and out of which 27 semester hours should be in acc ounting.The CPA Exam is what is known as a foundation referenced test, which implies each applicants execution is estimated against built up gauges to decide if the competitor has exhibited the dimension of learning and aptitudes spoken to by the CPA passing score.The CPA Exam isnt curved, and each applicant is held to a similar standard.The AICPA Board of Examiners set the CPA passing score by thinking about recorded patterns, changes in substance, contribution from the scholastic network and calling, and different sources.The score is set to such an extent that a hopeful who goes with the most reduced conceivable score will think about the expert network.Format of the Exam:The CPA Exam Blueprints are made by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) to help CPA Exam competitors recognize what aptitudes and substance themes will be applied in the CPA exam.The 2019 CPA Exam Blueprints were affirmed by the Board of Examiners on May 31, 2018 and will be viable on January 1, 2019.The CPA Exam Blueprints are planned to help competitors get ready for the exam and considers the base dimension of information and aptitudes fundamental for starting licensure once applicants progress toward becoming CPAs.Not exclusively are the CPA Exam Blueprints proposed to help competitors in planning for the exam.While its great to reference the outlines to all the more likely comprehend whats expected of CPAs, you likewise dont need to stress over them excessively.We have officially used them to direct our course materials, so youre set up for the CPA exam regardless.The exam consists of four sections.All four sections are of four hours. Section 1 incorporates Auditing and Attestation (AUD). Section 2 consists of Financial Accounting and Reporting (FAR). Section 3 deals with Regulation (REG) and section 4 consists of Business Environment and Concepts (BEC).The passing criteria is to score more than 75 in each section. And most importantly, the candidate must pa ss all the four sections within the 18 months test window.A candidate’s score is a weighted blend of the scaled scores from the Multiple-Choice Questions, Task-Based Simulations and Written Communication Tasks. BEC is the only one of the CPA exam sections with a written communication portion.Who is Eligible for the CPA Exam? In order for aspiring students to sit for the exam, they must demonstrate considerable postsecondary education.As far as the profession’s history goes, a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution was considered the standard preparation for the exam.However, in today’s accounting environment, a large increase in new regulations and compliance laws resulted in a body of knowledge that cannot be summarized in a 4-year degree program.Quick advancements in technology have also greatly changed the skill sets in practice management, compliance and audit that CPAs are expected to have.In response to those changes, the AICPA adjusted its educational mandat e.Other than delivering 120 semester hours in a baccalaureate degree program, 30 hours of graduate-level instruction are also required.Almost all of the US states enforce this 150-hour requirement.The following stipulations are from a master’s degree but aren’t strictly required.Typically, the criteria to be eligible for CPAs include:A bachelor’s as well as a master’s degree in accounting.A bachelor’s degree in another discipline, along with a master’s degree in accounting or taxation, or an MBA with a concentration in accounting.A dual program that grants both a bachelor’s and master’s degree over the course of 5 years.A bachelor’s degree in accounting, along with 30 semester hours of graduate-level instruction in accounting and taxation.Individual states, though, might differ in their requirements.For instance, in some states, a master’s degree in finance, law or accounting information systems satisfies the requirements for eligibility.Some states demand proof of citizenship or residency, while others don’t.How Does One Register for the CPA Exams?To register for the CPA exams, you must first choose the jurisdiction where you plan to sit for the exams.In other words, it’s based on the residency and where you plan to practice for the exams.However, some states have different combinations of citizenship, residency and educational qualifications that make them more appealing than the others.But you have to consider each state’s accountancy board rules just as you consider where you’re going to sit for the exam.Ensure that all of your educational requirements are met before registering yourself for the CPA exams.You also have to round up original transcripts of undergraduate as well as graduate school classes for evaluation.Some states also offer a pre-evaluation service before registration, and expect transcripts to be accompanied along with registration materials.Depending on the area, the time it takes to process a registration diff ers.Most jurisdictions recommend planning for a month or two’s wait.When you register yourself, you have expressed your intent to sit for part or all of the four-section of the CPA exam.Each one of those sections is separately administered with a certain time frame.You can either register for all four sections at once, or for individual sections.Once your registration has been accepted, you will be issued a Notice to Schedule (NTS).This is an official document that qualifies you to schedule testing with Parametric, which is the official proctoring service of the CPA.When you get your NTS, you may register for a seat online during the next testing window that is available.You have the freedom to choose which of the CPA sections you wish to take; it isn’t necessary that you take each section in sequential order.Typically, it is recommended that you reserve your seat 45 days before the exam, though you can also reserve a seat five days prior as well.A NOTE ABOUT NTS EXPIRATIONThe p rocess of registration simply states your intent to schedule yourself for your exam session under a certain time period.Although individual juries vary, most of them expect you to schedule the exams that you have paid for within 18 months.This time period refers to calendar months without factoring in testing windows. So you either plan well within the time frame, or you risk running past the deadline and sacrifice part of or all of your registration fees.In most cases, an aspiring student of the CPA can both prepare and pass all sections of their exams in under 18 months.However, there are things that could interrupt or get in the way of your long-term examination timelines, such as difficulties scheduling around testing windows or unexpected challenges in your personal or work life.Some students are actually more comfortable taking the exam in individual sections rather than going at them all at once.That’s why you have to carefully consider the external variables in your life t hat may impede your plans.This way you can avoid repeating the registration and payment process should your NTS expire.How Much Does the CPA Exam Cost?NASBA has worked out a fee schedule for each exam section, but bear in mind that the fees vary because they are managed by boards of accountancy in individual states and jurisdictions; so you should carefully check for variations.Be advised that you may be charged extra for online license verification or transcript reviews.Typically, aspiring CPAs are expected to spend over $1,000 for all four sections of the exams.When Should I Take the Exam?The concept of test scheduling is somewhat complicated, so that’s why it’s important to stay on top of the particulars.Parametric, which is the company that proctors the CPA exam, provides testing during designated windows of time eight months a year (or twice a quarter in accountant lingo).The only times that testing is unavailable are March, June, September, and December.For the rest of the months, testing is usually offered five or six days a week, depending on the test site.Within those windows, the specifications include:You can take one exam test section at a time per test day.You can schedule test days one, a couple or every section of the exam during a single test window.You can schedule exam sections in any sequence you desire.You cannot take the same section of the exam more than once during a single test window.The whole exam lasts around 14 hours.Depending on the type of section you choose, you will have either three or four hours to complete the section test.What to Prepare From?So, youve chosen what you need to wind up a CPA, however that test is holding up out there in your sights to entangle you possibly.You have three fundamental choices when you intend to take the CPA test. You can prep for it in a customary classroom structure, in an on-the-web or recorded class, or you can self-ponder.This is what you should think about your decisions.Candidates ofte n get confused about how to prepare for the exam.There are certain topics regarding each section. Professional Responsibilities, Ethics, General Principles, Assessing Risk and Developing a Planned Response, Performing Further Procedures and Obtaining Evidence, Forming Conclusions and Reporting.All the topics mentioned above are very helpful to prepare for the first section which is Auditing and Attestation.Furthermore, Standard-Setting, Conceptual Framework, and Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Accounts, Transactions, Local and State Governments could be very helpful in preparing for the second section that is Financial Accounting and Reporting.However, (Regulation) Professional Responsibilities, Ethics, and Federal Tax Procedures, Business Law, Property Transaction Federal Taxation, Individual Federal Taxation, Entity Federal Taxation are very important topics to prepare for.Corporate Governance, Economic Concepts and Analysis, Financial Management, Information Technology, Operations Management. These topics are recommended to prepare for the fourth section Business Environment and Concepts.Furthermore, we can also get well prepared from:Classroom ReviewsClassroom surveys are incredibly prevalent, but on the other hand theyre the costliest.For instance, the Northern Illinois University audit course is much respected, and it has an incredible reputation of passing test scores.However, this includes some significant pitfallsâ€"it costs a few thousand dollars to take the audit courses for each of the four test segments.On the off chance that you have the assets accessible, classroom audit courses are extraordinary as long as you do your exploration first to ensure the course has a decent notoriety.Numerous individuals discover examining to be simpler when they have an educator to manage them through the topic.On the Web or Recorded ReviewsOn-the-web or recorded surveys are like a classroom setting, yet the pace of the course is controlled by the competit or as opposed to the course plan.These surveys have components of both customary classroom guidance and self-think about.The courses have structure and configuration like that of a classroom, however inspiration and the time you spend examining lie specifically on your shoulders, such as self-think.It is a decent alternative for somebody who wants a classroom setting yet might not have the assets to go to a class or a hopeful who cant focus on customary classroom hours because of work or different obligations.Self-Study Ultimately, self-think about is fundamentally what it sounds likeâ€"the competitor does all of their preparation without anyone else.Theres nothing substandard about this technique.The mystery is to have the best possible examination materials, for example, the Wiley arrangement of CPA test survey books.Theyre exceedingly respected, and they refresh each year, so you can make certain that the substance matches what will be on the test.On the off chance that you choos e to prepare without anyone else, you can generally take a course later in case youre not very effective on your first attempt.Youll likewise need to get your family or housemates play a part in your examination planning, so youll have the capacity to commit the time and vitality important to be completely arranged.THE BOTTOM LINEDistinctive audit courses are accessible depending on where you live.A speedy web pursuit will without a doubt give you a ton of decisions.You may likewise contact your states CPA society for proposals, or a school bookkeeping program staff to see who or what they recommend.Its a big responsibility and cost to consider, so do however much research as could reasonably be expected.Notwithstanding what technique you pick, one other asset ought to be added to your investigation plan: the CPA Review, accessible on the web.Its free, and it offers free practice inquiries with a full clarification of answers.Theres some paid substance here also, yet the free substa nce alone should be a vital piece of your test prepping process.One last noteâ€"whichever choice you pick, ensure you just utilize around date materials.Try not to depend on your school course readings. Test content changes each year. Focus on dated materials from your course readings, not something as fundamental as moderate bookkeeping, as it can give you the wrong data and cost you plenty.TIPS:Practice as much as you can by looking for the questions and formats because if you get confused at this point, it will definitely affect your score.Most importantly, practice to manage the time.Begin with the segment that you are most comfortable with, whether its FAR, AUD or REG. Ordinarily you will need to spare BEC for last since it has the most noteworthy pass rate.The way to pass the CPA test is to distinguish the CPA audit course that will consider how you learn best.It is prescribed that you sit for the CPA test between 350-800 hours aggregate for the CPA test to be dependent on the proposal of the CPA audit courses.A few people learn best by watching classroom addresses and assimilate the material by sound-related learning, others learn better by perusing and playing out different decision questions, and even others learn best by flashcards and self-educating.

Rwt1 Compensation Strategy Essay - 2773 Words

Business Research Report Compensation Strategies ABC Manufacturing Presented to: Western Governors University Assessment Code: RWT1 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Research Findings 5 Market Based Pay Structure 5 Traditional vs. Broadband Strategies 6 Total Rewards Strategy 7 Recommendations 8 Conclusion 9 References 10 References (continued) 11 Executive Summary There are three compensation strategies that we looked at in depth within this paper. 1) Market Based 2) Traditional vs. Broadband 3) Total Rewards†¦show more content†¦3. Total Rewards Strategy – This structure is very complex, yet comes with a lot of flexibility to allow for growth and internal satisfaction. The pitfalls with this structure come with the implementation, which could be treacherous and difficult to convey to our employees. The strategy that we choose should be: o Equitable o Perceived as fair and we should be able to defend our position o We should be able to afford the compensation plan o Legal o In line with our policies and culture Research Findings While gathering the research for this paper I came across numerous compensation strategies. As with anything in life, we find a lot of possibilities, however there were three main structures that jumped to the forefront. 1) Market Based Pay Structure 2) Traditional Strategy vs. Broadband; these two are similar in design (which is why we must look at these two side by side) in some areas and have major differences in others 3) Total Rewards Strategy. Let’s take a look at all three in depth. Market Based Pay Structure In today’s current market, according to the salary structure survey performed by WorldAtWork and Deloitte Consulting LLP (October 2012), theShow MoreRelatedImpact of Compensation on Employee Motivation in a Manufacturing Unit435 Words   |  2 Pagesï » ¿Business Research Report Presented to: Assessment Code: RWT1 Student Name: Student ID: Date: Mentor Name: Introduction Introduce the subject and purpose of the report The research compares and contrasts several compensation strategies and determine the appropriateness of each compensation strategy for the organization Main Ideas of the Report This study aims to investigate the impact of compensation on employee motivation in a manufacturing unit comprising of 120 employees RelationshipRead MoreRwt16409 Words   |  26 PagesBusiness Research Report Compensation Strategies for 2014 Assessment Code: RWT1 Student Name:   Student ID:   Date: 9/15/13 Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Research Findings Salaried/Hourly Compensation Commission/Productivity-Based Compensation Longevity Compensation Recommendations6 Conclusion7 References8 Executive Summary This report reviews three different compensation strategies PepsiCo can develop and implement within all of our PepsiCo. Brands and businessesRead MoreRWT1 Business Research Report1785 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Business Research Report Compensation Strategies for 2014 Assessment Code: RWT1 Student Name: Student ID: Date: 9/15/13 Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Research Findings Salaried/Hourly Compensation Commission/Productivity-Based Compensation Longevity Compensation Recommendations 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 Executive Summary This report reviews three different compensation strategies PepsiCo can develop and implement within all of our PepsiCoRead MoreRWT1 Business Research Report Essay2044 Words   |  9 PagesPresented to: Assessment Code: RWT1 Student Name: Student ID: Date: Mentor Name: Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction As manufacturers of high precision electronic test equipment, ABC Electronic Test Equipment is in a highly competitive industry that is always looking for the most highly qualified and skilled employees. Edward Lawler of the Center for Effective Organizations at the University of Southern California, the author of many books on compensation, believes that â€Å"employeesRead MoreEssay on Rwt1 Wgu Business Report2499 Words   |  10 PagesBusiness Research Report Evaluating Compensation Strategies Assessment Code: RWT1 Table of Contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Research Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 Finding Number 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 Finding Number 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 Finding Number 3†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreRwt1 Research Paper2304 Words   |  10 PagesResearch Report Compensation Strategies Presented to: Management Assessment Code: RWT1 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 4 Research Findings 5 Performance Based Pay 5 Salary 6 Longevity Pay 7 Recommendations 8 Conclusion 8 References 9 Executive Summary This report examines 3 different compensation systems that our company can develop and enforce within our company for our employees. Compensation is the most importantRead MoreBusiness Research Report3592 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿Business Research Report Compensation Strategies Assessment Code: RWT1 Student Name: Adrianna Mentis Student ID: 000272273 Date: July 18, 2014 Mentor Name: Lindsey Box Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 3-4 Research Findings 4-8 BONUS PLAN 4-5 TUITION REIMBURSEMENT 6-7 BENEFIT PACKAGES 7-8 Recommendations 7 Conclusion 8-9 References 10 Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to review 3 different analyzed employee compensation strategies that could potentially benefit

The Change Of The Interpersonal Communication - 3193 Words

The change of the interpersonal communication in the CMC and the SNSs. Written by: Dania Aljouhi . Supervised by: Dr. Anup Kumar. Communication and technology COM 642 Abstract: Nowadays, the revolution of the internet and the social media changed patterns of social relations. The purpose of the study is to understand how the interpersonal communication changed in the computer mediated communication (CMC) and through the use of social media. The main concern of the paper is how computer mediated communication affects individuals’ interpersonal relationships on the social network sites (SNSs)? Applying this in Facebook website as a case study. Keywords: Interpersonal communication: mediated communication-non mediated communication- social network sites SNSs bonding ties - interpersonal communication theories- social theories. Introduction: Nowadays, the revolution of the internet and the social media changed patterns of social relations and it is very rare to notice face to face interaction between individuals as we used in the past. Unfortunately, even at home, when a family is eating dinner, or waiting for a family guest, everyone is staring at a small screen device connected to the internet, posting a comment, sharing a picture, taking a snapshot, Etc. No one can deny that the revolution of the internet and the massive use of social media have transformed the way people used to communicate with each other in everyday life. Today, an individual would prefer to textShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Communication1053 Words   |  5 PagesInterpersonal Communication Interpersonal communication is defined by Michael Cody as: the exchange of symbols used to achieve interpersonal goals(28). Does this definition include everything, or does it only include certain things?. When we are dealing with the issue of interpersonal communication we must realize that people view it differently. In this paper I will develop my own idea or definition of what interpersonal communication is. I will then proceed to identify any important assumptionsRead More Interpersonal Communication Essay1054 Words   |  5 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interpersonal communication is defined by Michael Cody as: the exchange of symbols used to achieve interpersonal goals(28). Does this definition include everything, or does it only include certain things?. When we are dealing with the issue of interpersonal communication we must realize that people view it differently. In this paper I will develop my own idea or definition of what interpersonal communication is. I will then proceed to identify any important assumptions or issues thatRead MoreFour Areas of Communication990 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the four areas of communication: interpersonal, lifespan, health, and persuasive communication. I found these facts while searching on the internet using many different search engines. I will share these facts that caught my attention with you and let you know where you can learn more about these areas of communication. Interpersonal communication is when we engage in communication with another person, to gain information about them. This type of communication is different from otherRead MoreImportance of Interpersonal communications in Information Technology Career907 Words   |  4 PagesInterpersonal communications can be a very important part of a person’s professional success. Information Technology is an industry that relies on certain areas of communication. Wendy, the person I interviewed, emphasized the importance that people in her industry must be up to date (educated) on the constant changes. Communication, gaining communication and interpersonal skills is again such an easier said than done skill for any profession. Communication is such an essential skill it couldRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Skill Of Feedback983 Words   |  4 PagesThe interpersonal communication skill of feedback is essential for hospital nurses to give a suitable care to each patient because it enables the nurses to learn, and improve their motivation, performance and efficiency that assist to achieve their goal which is to help the patients heal. The interpersonal communication skill of feedback is a system of conveying information between two people regarding the receiver’s performance (Baker et al. 2013). In general, feedback is employed to deliver informationRead MoreInterpersonal Communication Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesInterpersonal communication is the most important kind of communication. It happens when two individuals are in a close proximity to each other, and they are able to provide immediate feedback to one another. IPC (interpersonal communication) is the way we express our thoughts, feelings, and ideas to the people around us. Interpersonal communication is something you need to do well as it affects many aspects of your life. Interpersonal communication is a learned skill that can be improvedRead MoreCommunication Theory Of Interpersonal Communication Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesProposal: Applying Communication Theory to the Study of Interpersonal Communication Marriages in the United States is at an all-time low, while divorces are at an all-time high. One may wonder why is that. Some couples are divorcing because of irreconcilable differences. One could ponder if divorce is a solution due to a breakdown in communication. This proposal will determine if communication theory can be applied to interpersonal communication to create a lasting relationship. This study willRead MoreInterpersonal Relationships And Its Effects On The Family And Community822 Words   |  4 PagesIn the contemporary world, tremendous changes have taken place in the family and community. Unlike in the past when families were united and communities inherent, today families are fragmented, and communities rare and elusive. This creates feelings of loneliness, emptiness, isolation, and boredom, and people crave for friendship, love, and connectedness (Donald, 1985, p. 26). Such a scenario creates the need for interpersonal relationships including intimate, business, a nd family relationships,Read MoreSocial Medi Bringing Us Together Or Tearing Us Apart?1099 Words   |  5 PagesApart? BUSN110 ESSAY Carried out by: Elena Sanchez- Migallon Paris ID: S00192032 Professor: Waleed Ibrahim 15/4/2015 The accessibility of the new information technology has led that social structures change, and with it the ways of relating to others. With this process of change has created what is known as virtual communities, Rheingold defined the virtual communities as a group of social aggregates which arises from internet when a group of people create public discussions long enoughRead MoreSummary With ever increasing pace of change and complexity within businesses, it is easy to900 Words   |  4 Pages With ever increasing pace of change and complexity within businesses, it is easy to understand why the term â€Å"Management† has emerged as the number one differentiator for organisations and communities around the globe. Likewise it is easy to see why the traditional methods of management development are no longer producing the desired pace and quality of results. Typically the effective management aspects include problem solving, interpersonal communication, decision making, conflict management

Social Network Service and Facebook Account Free Essays

Ashley Ontiberos Amy Becker Eng103 Composition II November 17, 2011 The Facebook Addiction Did you know that approximately one in every thirteen people in the world have a Facebook account, according to Digitalbuzzblog. com. In 2010, Facebook was the most-searched term on the internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Network Service and Facebook Account or any similar topic only for you Order Now With these statistics, I was surprised to learn that there is a disorder known as the Facebook Addiction Disorder or FADS. I didn’t realize Facebook was such a big problem until I began my research. With all the craze of Facebook or social networking, one can’t help but wonder what the ill effects of it really are. Today, In this cause and effect essay I want to inform you about how Facebook can have many negative effects on your job, free time and health. According to research done by Oregonbusinessreport. com, forty-five percent of employers screen social networks such as Facebook, before considering potential employees. This was research conducted in 2009. I am certain that the numbers have risen because of the number of people who regularly sign up as members of Facebook. When employers screen photos and posts they are looking for any kind or provocative and inappropriate photos. Additionally, bad-mouthing previous employers, poor communications skills is also another thing they look for before considering applicants for an interview or employment. Furthermore, even after a job has been granted, employers can still monitor their employee’s Facebook account. A recent example is of a New Jersey first grade teacher who lost her job over a post on Facebook. On March 28th, the teacher posted a status saying, â€Å"I’m not a teacher, I’m a warden for future criminals. † The status was forwarded to her school board and a judge ruled that she should lose her job because this comment was inexcusable. More people have lost their jobs over Facebook usage in recent years because most employers ban the use of Facebook at work. According to Royalgazetteonline. com, one third of employers say that Facebook is a major distraction at work. Most employers don’t block the site but it is a rule that employees are not allowed on social networking sites while clocked in to work. Based on research as indicated in this essay, Facebook has lots of negatives effects for employees if they choose not to control what they say. Forty-eight percent of Facebook users between the ages of eighteen and thirty-four, check their Facebook’s as their first priority each morning. About twenty-eight percent of that number, check it from their smartphones before getting out of bed, according to Digitalbuzzblog. com. According to Addictioninfo. org, Rob Bedi, a registered psychologist and assistant professor at the University of Victoria says, â€Å"There is a difference between procrastination and addiction, if you’re losing assignment time to Facebook use then it’s a problem. Facebook has become such an addiction to people that there are 155 Facebook Addicts anonymous groups on Facebook alone according to Addictioninfo. org. Hubspage. com also gives a list for people to read through that shows symptoms of Facebook addictions. Spending large amounts of time on Facebook is not what you would consider a â€Å"part-time hobby†. Many people are losing out on a lot of free time that could be use d more productively. People who are Facebook addicts choose not to go to the gym. Also they spend less and less time with family and friends to be on Facebook. Facebook addicts can definitely own up to lots of the examples given and have a very difficult time deciding when to log out. â€Å"Is Facebook turning teens into narcissistic, antisocial outcast? †, was a question asked in an article on CBSnews. com. A leading social network researcher, Dr. Larry D. Rosen, responds with a yes to the question. He believes that kids can develop greater empathy and it provides ways for shy kids to socialize but it also causes mental health problems. According to Dr. Rosen, teens who use Facebook show more aggression, mania, anxiety and depression. With these issues already occurring, it can lead to more serious health problems. Young people are turning down opportunities to socialize with their friends at the movies, malls and other hang outs. Instead they choose to hang out online. Recent health studies have also linked Facebook usage to Cancer. According to Dailymail. co. uk, Facebook can increase the risk of serious health problem by reducing the number of face-to face contact people have with people. The way in which Facebook users isolate hemselves from society can alter the way genes work, upset immune response, hormone levels, the function of arteries, and also impair mental performance, according to Dr. Aric Sigman. With these serious alterations, it could lead to more people getting cancer, heart disease, having a stroke or even developing dementia. I have informed you about some of the negative effects that Facebook can have on a person’s job, free time and health. It is so easy to access Facebook with smartph ones or laptops which offer internet usage almost anywhere. Facebook has invaded our lives in an unimaginable and unexpected way. When deciding whether or not to log into Facebook perhaps it would be a good idea to think more productive things you could do. Work Cited Associated Press. â€Å"Teacher should be fired over Facebook ‘warden’ post, judge rules . † Chicago Sun Times 08 11 2011. Chicago Sun-Times. 09 11 2011. Associated Press. 11/17/2011 http://www. suntimes. com/news/nation/8698139-418/teacher-should be-fired-over-facebook-warden-post-judge-rules. html. Daily Mail Reporter. How using Facebook could raise your risk of cancer. 02/19/2009 Mail Online. 11/17/11 http://www. dailymail. co. k/health/article-1149207/How-usingFacebook-raise-risk-cancer. html. Digital Buzz Blog. Facebook Statistics, Stats Facts For 2011 . 01/18/2001. 11/17/2011 http://www. digitalbuzzblog. com/facebook-statistics-stats-facts-2011/. Grasz, Jennifer. 45% Employers use Facebook-Twitter to screen job candidates. 08/24/09 Oregon Business Report. 11/17/2001 http://oregonbusinessreport. com/2009/08/45-employers-u se-facebook-twitter to-screen-job-candidates/. Hubs, Pages. Negative Effects of Facebook Addiction. 2011 HubsPages. 11/17/2011 http://thurs. hubpages. om/hub/Negative-Effects-of-Facebook-Addiction. Jaslow, Ryan. Facebook tied to poor mental health in teens: What parents must know. 08/09/11 CBS News. 11/17/11 http://www. cbsnews. com/8301-504763_162 20090061-10391704. html. Pope, Danielle. Potential Facebook addiction. 01/28/2008 AddictionInfo. org. 11/17/11 http://www. addictioninfo. org/articles/2171/1/Potential-Facebook addiction/Page1. html. Royal Gazette Online. It’s official: Facebook is a major distraction at work. 06/28/11 Royal Gazette Online. 11/17/2011 http://www. royalgazette. com/article/20110628/BUSINESS05/706289929/-1. How to cite Social Network Service and Facebook Account, Papers

Social Network Service and Facebook Account Free Essays

Ashley Ontiberos Amy Becker Eng103 Composition II November 17, 2011 The Facebook Addiction Did you know that approximately one in every thirteen people in the world have a Facebook account, according to Digitalbuzzblog. com. In 2010, Facebook was the most-searched term on the internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Network Service and Facebook Account or any similar topic only for you Order Now With these statistics, I was surprised to learn that there is a disorder known as the Facebook Addiction Disorder or FADS. I didn’t realize Facebook was such a big problem until I began my research. With all the craze of Facebook or social networking, one can’t help but wonder what the ill effects of it really are. Today, In this cause and effect essay I want to inform you about how Facebook can have many negative effects on your job, free time and health. According to research done by Oregonbusinessreport. com, forty-five percent of employers screen social networks such as Facebook, before considering potential employees. This was research conducted in 2009. I am certain that the numbers have risen because of the number of people who regularly sign up as members of Facebook. When employers screen photos and posts they are looking for any kind or provocative and inappropriate photos. Additionally, bad-mouthing previous employers, poor communications skills is also another thing they look for before considering applicants for an interview or employment. Furthermore, even after a job has been granted, employers can still monitor their employee’s Facebook account. A recent example is of a New Jersey first grade teacher who lost her job over a post on Facebook. On March 28th, the teacher posted a status saying, â€Å"I’m not a teacher, I’m a warden for future criminals. † The status was forwarded to her school board and a judge ruled that she should lose her job because this comment was inexcusable. More people have lost their jobs over Facebook usage in recent years because most employers ban the use of Facebook at work. According to Royalgazetteonline. com, one third of employers say that Facebook is a major distraction at work. Most employers don’t block the site but it is a rule that employees are not allowed on social networking sites while clocked in to work. Based on research as indicated in this essay, Facebook has lots of negatives effects for employees if they choose not to control what they say. Forty-eight percent of Facebook users between the ages of eighteen and thirty-four, check their Facebook’s as their first priority each morning. About twenty-eight percent of that number, check it from their smartphones before getting out of bed, according to Digitalbuzzblog. com. According to Addictioninfo. org, Rob Bedi, a registered psychologist and assistant professor at the University of Victoria says, â€Å"There is a difference between procrastination and addiction, if you’re losing assignment time to Facebook use then it’s a problem. Facebook has become such an addiction to people that there are 155 Facebook Addicts anonymous groups on Facebook alone according to Addictioninfo. org. Hubspage. com also gives a list for people to read through that shows symptoms of Facebook addictions. Spending large amounts of time on Facebook is not what you would consider a â€Å"part-time hobby†. Many people are losing out on a lot of free time that could be use d more productively. People who are Facebook addicts choose not to go to the gym. Also they spend less and less time with family and friends to be on Facebook. Facebook addicts can definitely own up to lots of the examples given and have a very difficult time deciding when to log out. â€Å"Is Facebook turning teens into narcissistic, antisocial outcast? †, was a question asked in an article on CBSnews. com. A leading social network researcher, Dr. Larry D. Rosen, responds with a yes to the question. He believes that kids can develop greater empathy and it provides ways for shy kids to socialize but it also causes mental health problems. According to Dr. Rosen, teens who use Facebook show more aggression, mania, anxiety and depression. With these issues already occurring, it can lead to more serious health problems. Young people are turning down opportunities to socialize with their friends at the movies, malls and other hang outs. Instead they choose to hang out online. Recent health studies have also linked Facebook usage to Cancer. According to Dailymail. co. uk, Facebook can increase the risk of serious health problem by reducing the number of face-to face contact people have with people. The way in which Facebook users isolate hemselves from society can alter the way genes work, upset immune response, hormone levels, the function of arteries, and also impair mental performance, according to Dr. Aric Sigman. With these serious alterations, it could lead to more people getting cancer, heart disease, having a stroke or even developing dementia. I have informed you about some of the negative effects that Facebook can have on a person’s job, free time and health. It is so easy to access Facebook with smartph ones or laptops which offer internet usage almost anywhere. Facebook has invaded our lives in an unimaginable and unexpected way. When deciding whether or not to log into Facebook perhaps it would be a good idea to think more productive things you could do. Work Cited Associated Press. â€Å"Teacher should be fired over Facebook ‘warden’ post, judge rules . † Chicago Sun Times 08 11 2011. Chicago Sun-Times. 09 11 2011. Associated Press. 11/17/2011 http://www. suntimes. com/news/nation/8698139-418/teacher-should be-fired-over-facebook-warden-post-judge-rules. html. Daily Mail Reporter. How using Facebook could raise your risk of cancer. 02/19/2009 Mail Online. 11/17/11 http://www. dailymail. co. k/health/article-1149207/How-usingFacebook-raise-risk-cancer. html. Digital Buzz Blog. Facebook Statistics, Stats Facts For 2011 . 01/18/2001. 11/17/2011 http://www. digitalbuzzblog. com/facebook-statistics-stats-facts-2011/. Grasz, Jennifer. 45% Employers use Facebook-Twitter to screen job candidates. 08/24/09 Oregon Business Report. 11/17/2001 http://oregonbusinessreport. com/2009/08/45-employers-u se-facebook-twitter to-screen-job-candidates/. Hubs, Pages. Negative Effects of Facebook Addiction. 2011 HubsPages. 11/17/2011 http://thurs. hubpages. om/hub/Negative-Effects-of-Facebook-Addiction. Jaslow, Ryan. Facebook tied to poor mental health in teens: What parents must know. 08/09/11 CBS News. 11/17/11 http://www. cbsnews. com/8301-504763_162 20090061-10391704. html. Pope, Danielle. Potential Facebook addiction. 01/28/2008 AddictionInfo. org. 11/17/11 http://www. addictioninfo. org/articles/2171/1/Potential-Facebook addiction/Page1. html. Royal Gazette Online. It’s official: Facebook is a major distraction at work. 06/28/11 Royal Gazette Online. 11/17/2011 http://www. royalgazette. com/article/20110628/BUSINESS05/706289929/-1. How to cite Social Network Service and Facebook Account, Papers

The Role of Antigone free essay sample

An analysis of the character Antigone in Sophocles play by the same name. The paper analyzes Sophocles play Antigone, which tells the narrative of the demise of Oedipus daughter/sister in the context of the larger tragedy of the rulers of the ancient Greek city of Thebes. The paper discusses how, in the context of the play, Antigone does not only function as a singular individual, experiencing a single dilemma of character, she also functions as a young woman playing several roles. It shows that her first role is that of a bereaved sister, then her role is that of a daughter and sister of a uniquely tragic oedipal house. Finally her role is one of an ordinary woman dying before her time because of the fundamental, fated, and unsolvable conflict between the obligations of blood and obligations of a citizen. When her crime is discovered, Antigone adopts a new role, that of a woman whom is not only a sister of a dead brother, but also the descendant of a house uniquely battered at torn at by fate who has a unique destiny to fulfill. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Antigone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She assumes this destiny in contrast to her sister Ismene. When asked if she feels any hatred for the killer of her own brother, Antigone says, Brother yes, by the same mother, the same father. In other words, both brothers slew his brother; both have committed the tragic crime of fratricide. In the face of such evil, who can judge one brother above another? That is the essence of the tragedy of Thebes, of the confusion of familial roles.

Finding a Home for the Homeless Professor Ramos Blog

Finding a Home for the Homeless Everyday, more and more Americans are being evicted from their homes. According to the Public Policy Institute of America, â€Å"In California alone, there were over 130,000 homeless just last year† (Mejia Hsieh). In 2017, the town of Beaumont alone had 2,406 counted homeless (Schiavone). Which for the size of the town is significantly larger than it should be. This begs the question, why is the homeless population in the county of Riverside so high? Hopefully this paper will be able to answer that question, as well as finding potential solutions to the problems of homelessness in Beaumont. There are multiple factors that lead to homeless, from lack of education, to mental and physical health. Johnetta Hardin and her partner Diane Wille from the University of Indiana found that lack of education leads to a lack of a well paying job. They also found that mental illness in the homeless population averages sixty percent in the group they interviewed. (36) Mental illness is shown to be the leading cause of homelessness. However, harsher problems, such as addiction, are also some of the more common sources. Because of the cost associated with drugs, addiction can lead to debt which can result in loss of employment and transportation, which in turn leads to loss of a home, amongst other things. Shelters are not as available as your local Starbucks, but they are still around the surrounding area. So why do we have homeless still sleeping on the streets? It turns out it is actually more difficult to get into a homeless shelter than it appears. To start off, the nearest shelter to Beaumont is in Hemet which is about a thirty-five minute drive. Second, women and children are prioritized in entry for most shelters. With only a limited number of space, it increases the chances of not gaining entry if you’re a male. Additionally, if you fail to get into a shelter a couple nights in a row, what would be the point of returning? Many shelters require a clean drug test to enter and if your are under the influence in any way, they do not admit you. A significant amount of those with mental health issues often turn to illegal drugs to self medicate. This makes it difficult for many people to gain access to shelters that are designed to rehome many of the people who are living on the street. And being that addiction is one of the highest causes of homelessness, it makes sense that there is such a high number of homeless on the streets (Hardin Wille 37). There are many theories on how we can lower and even potentially solve the homeless problem. Even though Beaumont is not the largest city in Riverside County, it is still fairly populated. Beaumont also has a large amount of open land available. The solution that I am proposing is one that can hopefully aid in many of the problems homeless have today. Having a rehabilitation center for the people in need of it. A center that can help in solving drug addictions, financial issues, and even find alternate solutions for the mentally ill. According to the county of Riverside’s website, the County Supervisor for Beaumont receives $5.6 billion dollars a year to finance the county (â€Å"About the County†). If the Supervisor was able to dedicate 2% of that money, it would be enough to finance the construction of buildings and hire trained professionals to aid these individuals. The center would not only help with addictions, but it would also focus on helping families get jobs and teaching them how to properly finance their money. This center can provide mental health therapy, as well as an AA NA meetings for addicts. These meetings can meet once or twice a week for a certain amount of months/years. Not only would there be a center for them to meet but there would also be a tiny home style community. The benefits of tiny homes is that they are cheap and do not take up a lot of space while still providing some sort of shelter. According to Deirdre Sullivan, a reporter in New York that covers home design and improvement, the average tiny home can cost as low as $12,000. (5) These homes come built standard with a working bathroom and shower, as well as a fully functioning kitchen and bed. Although they are smaller in size, the tiny home would be a fantastic starter home for people who don’t even have one. It is also beneficial because of the different sizes. If you are a family of four, you can have a bigger tiny home than say someone who is on their own or has a spouse. Because of the cheaper costs of these homes, it gives the opportunity to provide more of them. If you were to have a plot with sixteen tiny homes, it would cost roughly $192,000, which is almost the price of a modern four bedroom home. These cost effective housing units provide a place and job for the new found dwellers, that of course being the upkeep of their new home. This will slowly help the individual integrate overtime into our community. What’s great about this solution is that it does not stop with the housing. It would also be a cooperative style of living. It would be a way to create jobs within the community. One of the new tenants could grow fruit, another veggies. There could even be one who watches the children when their parents are out working or finding a job. It is a huge task to try and solve homelessness and help the needy. I am not trying to find a solution to homelessness as a whole. I am merely trying to propose an alternative that would help keep individuals off the street and maybe help cure them of an addiction. Or aid families in financial need. Maybe even finding the proper care for people with illnesses, both mental and physical. Hardin, Johnetta, and Diane E. Wille. â€Å"The Homeless Individua’s Viewpoint: Causes of Homelessness and Resources Needed to Leave the Sheltered Environment.† Social Work Social Sciences Review, vol. 19, no. 2, May 2017, pp. 33–48. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=sihAN=126500977site=ehost-live. I chose this article because it goes into major detail about the reasons people go homeless. As well as not just men, but women and families. Eviction, loss of job, natural disaster, it is all covered in this article. This article will be one of my opening points in the essay about the reasons people end up homeless. Both positive and negative. The authors are reliable because both contain PHDs In Social Studies and are widely known in Indiana for their studies on the homeless. This article is also peer reviewed. Brown, Molly, et al. â€Å"Waiting for Shelter: Perspectives on a Homeless Shelter’s Procedures.† Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 45, no. 7, Sept. 2017, pp. 846–858. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1002/jcop.21896, http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=sihAN=124846699site=ehost-live This article dives into the shelters and everything about them. How they run, the requirements for entering, the time you’re able to stay in one, ect. This article also describes how difficult it is to get into a homeless shelter. Which I will be using as one of my main points in how to combat homelessness. This article was composed by a number of different authors with multiple degrees in their respective fields. The authors came together to create this study, using their talents in their field, to give a thurow review of homeless shelters and their advantages/disadvantages. This article is peer reviewed â€Å"About the County.† County of Riverside, 19 February 2019, countyofriverside.us/AbouttheCounty/BudgetandFinancialInformation.aspx. This is the official Riverside County page. It describes the county representatives, as well as all of the budgeting. Im going to be referencing the amount of mo available for the district of Beaumont. This is a credible source because it comes directly from the main office of the county and is an official government site. Schiavone, Renee. â€Å"Banning, Beaumont Homeless Population Count: Volunteers Needed.† Banning-Beaumont, CA Patch, Patch, 22 Dec. 2017, patch.com/california/banning-beaumont/banning-beaumont-homeless-population-count-volunteers-needed. This article puts numbers to the homeless specifically in Beaumont. It describes the amount of homeless and how many were sheltered and how many were not. The author also describes minor ways to improve homelessness in the Beaumont/ Banning area. This author I believe is a credible source because she is a local journalist who focuses on environmental problems around the Riverside county area. Mejia, Marisol Cuellar, and Vicki Hsieh. â€Å"A Snapshot of Homelessness in California.† Public Policy Institute of California , Third Strand, 19 Feb. 2019, ppic.org/blog/a-snapshot-of-homelessness-in-california/. This article gives a more focused numbers and statistics on homeless in California as a whole. It shows the specific numbers in change of homeless population in all the major counties. I will use this source to state the number of homeless in California and The county of Riverside. The is a credible source because this article is from the Public Policy Institute of California. It is a reliable source for general and specific information about California. From water policy to education, ect. Sullivan, Deirdre. â€Å"How Much Does a Tiny House Really Cost?† The Spruce, 6 May 2019, thespruce.com/how-much-does-a-tiny-house-cost-4139914. This Article describes the costs and benefits of living in a â€Å"tiny home†. It describes the cost of a tiny home and all the amenities built into the said home. The reason I chose this article was because I am going to use its information and facts as apart of my solution to the problem of homelessness in my town and potentially many others. The author is a credible source because she is a journalist from New York who focuses on house design and construction.

The Civil War Siege of Vicksburg

The Civil War Siege of Vicksburg The siege of Vicksburg on July 4, 1863, was a significant battle of the United States Civil War, and the culmination of one of the most brilliant military campaigns of the war. Vicksburg was a fortress with a massive artillery located on a sharp bend in the Mississippi River. Known as the Gibraltar of the Confederacy, Vicksburg controlled movement and trade along the Mississippi and linked Texas and Louisiana to the rest of the Confederacy. It was the second largest city in Mississippi after Natchez, with an economy based on cotton and riverboat trade and transportation. The 1860 census reports that Vicksburg had a population of 4,591 people, including 3,158 whites, 31 free blacks, and 1,402 slaves. Failed Attempts, and a Plan The north early recognized Vicksburg as a pivotal point, and the first northern siege of the city was attempted in summer 1862 by Admiral David Farragut. General ​Ulysses S. Grant tried again in the winter of 1862-1863, and after two more unsuccessful assaults in May of 1863, Grant began to plan a long-term strategy. To take the fort, there needed to be weeks of bombardment and isolation of Vicksburg from its sources of food, ammunition, and soldiers. Federal forces held the Mississippi River, and as long as the Union forces held their position, the encircled Confederates led by Major Maurice Kavanaugh Simons and the Second Texas Infantry faced decreasing resources. Assembled Union forces began making their way south to Vicksburg during the summer of 1863, masked by occasional forays by gunboats shelling random targets and cavalry raids. By June many of Vicksburgs residents hid in underground caves, and all the people and soldiers were on short rations. The Vicksburg press reported that there would soon be forces coming to their rescue, but General John C. Pemberton who was in charge of Vicksburgs defense knew better and began to scale down expectations. Progress, and a Literary Reference Intermittent shelling from the river increased and intensified during the first week of July, and Vicksburg fell on the fourth. Troops marched in and the stronghold with 30,000 men was ceded to the Union. The battle had 19,233 casualties of which 10,142 were Union soldiers, but the control of Vicksburg meant that the Union commanded traffic on the Mississippi Rivers southern reaches. With the loss of Pemberton’s army and this vital stronghold on the Mississippi, the Confederacy was effectively split in half. Grants successes in the West boosted his reputation, leading ultimately to his appointment as General-in-Chief of the Union armies. Mark Twain and Vicksburg Twenty years later, American satirist Mark Twain used the siege of Vicksburg to craft his Battle of the Sand-Belt in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court. According to Mark Twain aficionado and science fiction writer Scott Dalrymple, Grant is represented in the novel by its hero, Boss Hank Morgan. Like reports of the Siege of Vicksburg, the Battle of the Sand-Belt is, says Dalrymple, a relentlessly realistic portrayal of war, a clash between a chivalric, slave-owning, agrarian society and a modern, technologically advanced republic led by a general-president. Sources Braudaway DL. 2001. A Texan Records the Civil War Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi: The Journal of Maj. Maurice Kavanaugh Simons, 1863. The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 105(1):92-131.Dalrymple S. 1996. Just War, Pure and Simple: A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court and the American Civil War. American Literary Realism, 1870-1910 29(1):1-11.Henry G, and Simms LM. 1967. A Louisiana Engineer at the Siege of Vicksburg: Letters of Henry Ginder. Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association 8(4):371-378.Osborn GC. 1955. A Tennessean at the Siege of Vicksburg: The Diary of Samuel Alexander Ramsey Swan, May-July, 1863. Tennessee Historical Quarterly 14(4):353-372.

Just War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Just War - Essay Example Based on the information relayed by this text, I concur with it especially when it comes to the issue of â€Å"Just war†. However, the strong insistence that a certain state would result to this remedy in most cases pose numerous questions to the non-involved parties. Based on the illustrations that you have relayed concerning varied wars, which America involved itself, I agree the magnitude used in executing â€Å"Just War† does not commensurate with the case at hand. This is evident during the use of an atomic weapon during WW11 whereby it ended up exterminating numerous civilians than the targeted elements. Hence, proving despite respective authorities allowing â€Å"Just War† the remedy ends up being worse than anticipated good for not only results to massive massacre but also disruption of economy of innocent people . In addition, I do also concur with your text regarding impacts that up to date and as detailed in numerous annals of historical accounts when US involved it regional wars. This is encompasses US’ involvement in Iraq that you have stated lightly but on reflecting about the scenario and drawing similar conventional review in other incidents proves how â€Å"Just war† may be worse than good. This is beca use it is acts as a tool that â€Å"engulfs† hidden agendas but â€Å"sugar-coated† with intentions of ensuring peace, which is not the case. Since, most of US’ motivations range from political to economical whereby in losing these goals is the greatest fear. Hence, result to be more vocal compared to other global states.

Chicano Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chicano Movement - Essay Example Luis Valdez was a Mexican American who hailed from a family of migrant farm workers. Valdez’s parents, Francisco and Armida Valdez, moved from farm to farm as hired hands where Valdez was also expected to help out in order the support to the big family of 10 children that his parents had. Even though Valdez was expected to both work and read and his schools kept changing, Valdez attained a strong position for himself as a student excelling in performing arts (Meier, 230). Luis Valdez is the father of Chicano Theatre. This is because he formed the El Teatro Campesino which served as the first platform for performing arts for the Chicano Movement. Valdez’s love for the performing arts began when his school teacher introduced him to puppet art. Later during his college and university days, Valdez pursued the love and created his own theatre group. The purpose of this theatre group was to bring the plight of the Mexican Americans to the forefront. Valdez began working in theatre during his college days at San Jose State College. In 1963, he introduced his first play. The Shrunken Head of Pancho Villa was one play that Valdez directed and wrote during his time in San Jose State College. After leaving college, Valdez went on to join a Mime Troupe based in San Francisco. It was from here that Valdez learned the method of using theatre as a platform for expressing his own pent up anger. It was on the basis of this work that Valdez formed his theatre group in 1965. This was a group that toured different cities and enacted short one-act plays, also known as an actor.

The Different Scopic Orders Of The Modern Era Film Essay

The Different Scopic Orders Of The Modern Era Film Essay The modern era has allegedly been dominated by the sense of sight, in a way that has seen it set apart from the premodern era and the postmodern era. In his text Scopic Regimes of Modernity Martin Jay draws our attention to scopic order in the modern era, which is an area with many conflicting views that are not often in alignment with each other. Jay argues the point that there may not be one unified scopic regime, a term used by french film theorist Christian Metz, and that there is room for argument with the idea that there are a number of competing regimes associated with the modern era. Jay looks at the mirror of nature, a metaphor in philosophy by Richard Forty, the emphasis of surveillance that was put forward by Michel Foucault, and the society of the spectacle argued by Guy Debord. Jay also goes on to look at the arguably dominant scopic regime known as Cartesian Perspectivalism, what is normally claimed to be the dominant, even totally hegemonic, visual model of the modern era. Also discussed are the major competitors to Cartesian Perspectivalism, which includes mapping, which is, a visual culture very different from what we associate with Renaissance perspective, one which Svetlana Alpers has recently called The Art of Describing. and the third model of vision, which is best identified with the baroque. Wà ¶lfflin later called it, the classical style, the baroque was painterly, recessional, soft-focused, multiple, and open in his study, Renaissance and Baroque. Jacqueline Roses quote used by Jay to back up his opinion that there are many views which come into play when discussing the subject of scopic regimes, our previous history is not the petrified block of a single visual space since, looked at obliquely, it can always be seen to contain its moment of unease. (Rose, 1986, p.232-233.) Jays argument continues with him writing about the idea that this subject is not one of solidity. Bringing in the notion that the topic of, scopic regimes of modern ity, is best discussed on what he describes as, contested terrain, rather then harmoniously integrated complex of visual theories and practices. Modernity has often been considered resolutely ocular-centric, which is the act of basing all experience on the perception of the eyes, with sight being very direct and centered. The invention of printing reinforced the advantage of visual aids such as the telescope, which with its con-vexed lens helped expand the apparent angular size of distant objects. Along with the microscope, which aids the eye to see objects that are too small visually for the naked eye. These inventions helped put more emphasis on sight and vision. It is difficult to deny that the visual sense has been dominant in modern western culture in a wide variety of different ways, with Martin Jay calling visionthe master sense of the modern era. Scopic Regime, a term first coined by French film theorist Christian Metz in his book The Imaginary Signifier a study on cinema and psychoanalysis. It was used to distinguish the differences from the cinema to the theatre. What defines the specifically cinematic scopic regime is not so much the distance kept, the keeping itself (first figure of the lack, common to all voyeurism), as the absence of the object seen. (Metz, 1982, p.61.) The cinema is profoundly different from the theatre as also from more intimate voyeuristic activities with a specifically erotic aim. METZ It is the last recess that is attacked by the cinema signifier, it is in its precise emplacement that it installs a new figure of the lack, the physical absence of the object seen. In the theatre, actors and spectators are present at the same time and in the same location, hence present one to another, as the two protagonists of an authentic perverse couple. But in the cinema, the actor was present when the spectator was not (shooting), and the spectator is present when the actor is no longer. (Projection). A failure to meet of the voyeur and the exhibitionist whose approaches no longer coincide. (they have missed one another) The cinemas voyeurism must do without any very clear mark of consent on the part of the object. There is no equivalent here of the theater actors final bow. And then the latter could see their voyeurs, the game was less unilateral, slightly better distributed. In the darkened hall, the voyeur is really left alone.(P.63) In this text, Metz develops an analysis between film spectatorship and voyeurism. According to him, enhancing the essential property of the voyeuristic gaze that of keeping the desired, seen object at a safe distance from the viewing subject cinema locates its own data in the for- ever inaccessible, in a realm which is incessantly desirable but that can never be possessed, in the scene of absence. Cinema, in other words, shows us the world, and at the same time it takes it away from us. As Metz writes,  «what defines the properly cinematographic scopic regime is not the maintained distance, nor the care exerted in maintaining it, but the sheer absence of the seen object. Cinema is therefore a form of absolute voyeurism: it is founded on an unbridgeable distance, on a total inaccessibility. 3) Emphasize the prevalence of surveillance with Michael Foucault Our society is not one of spectacle, but of surveillanceWe are neither in the amphitheater, nor on the stage, but in the panoptic machine, invested by its effects of power, which we bring to ourselves since we are part of its mechanism. (Foucault, 1979, p.127.) Among French intellectuals in the 1960s and 1970s it was Michel Foucault who most explicitly interrogated the gaze of surveillance and Guy Debord and his situationist international collaborators who explored the vision of the spectacle. Together they provided an array of different arguments looking from different perspectives against the hegemony of the eye. With their work, the ocular-centrism of those who praised the nobility of sight was not so much rejected, as reversed in value. Vision was still the privileged sense, but what that privilege produced in the modern world was damned as almost entirely corrupting. Foucault called it the unimpeded empire of the gaze. (Foucault, 1973, p.39.) and Guy Debord called it society of the spectacle. (Debord, 1981, p.25.) Gilles Deleuze characterized Foucaults work as a duel investigation of articulable statements and fields of visibilities. Deleuze stated that Foucault continued to be fascinated by what he saw as much as by what he heard or read, and the archaeology he conceived of is an audiovisual archive Foucault never stopped being a voyant at the same time as he marked philosophy with a new style of statement. (Deleuze, 1988, p.50.) Allan Megill, a philosophical writer, has claimed that in his earlier more structuralist moments, Foucault was himself intent on portraying a lucent Apollonian world (Megill, 1983, p.218) within which ocular-centrism was neutrally accepted. The vision that should be incorporated into psychoanalysis Foucault insisted, had to be understood phenomenologically, taking into account the livid spatial experience that emerged from the bodys intertwining with the world. Authentic versions of that experience were undermined, he claimed if vision was reduced to its traditional Cartesian spectral role based on the dualism of subject and object. Foucault was drawn to Belgian Surrealist painter Renà © Magritte, Magrittes work frequently displays a juxtaposition of ordinary objects in an unusual context, giving new meanings to familiar things. The representational use of objects as other than what they seem is typified in his painting, The Treachery of Images, which depicts a pipe that looks as though it is a model for a tobacco store advert. Magritte painted below the pipe ceci nest pas une pipe translated it means This is not a pipe, Which would appear to be a contradiction, but in reality it is a true statement. The painting is no t a pipe, just an image of a pipe. When Magritte was once asked about his painting, he replied that of course it was not a pipe, just try and fill it with tobacco. Magritte used the same approach in a painting of an apple, he painted the fruit realistically and then used an internal caption to deny that the item was an apple. In these works Magritte points out that no matter how closely through art we come to depicting an item accurately we never actually catch the item itself. Foucault explored a more visibly explicit version of interaction within Magrittes work, he described Magrittes canvases as the opposite of trompe loeil which is an art technique involving extremely realistic imagery in order to create the optical illusion that the depicted objects appear in three dimensions because of their understanding of the mimetic conventions of realistic painting. Foucault also referred to them as unraveled calligrams as they refused to close the gap between the image and the world. Resemblance serves representation which rules over it; similitude serves repetition, which ranges across it. Resemblance predicates itself upon a model it must return to and reveal; similitude circulates the simulacrum as an indefinite and reversible relation of the similar to the similar. (Levy, 1990, p.44) The Panopticon (all-seeing) functioned as a round-the-clock surveillance machine. Its design ensured that no prisoner could ever see the inspector who conducted surveillance from the privileged central location within the radial configuration. The prisoner could never know when he was being surveilled mental uncertainty that in itself would prove to be a crucial instrument of discipline. French philosopher Michel Foucault described the implications of Panopticism in his 1975 work Discipline Punish: The Birth of the Prison Hence the major effect of the Panopticon: to induce in the inmate a state of conscious and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power. So to arrange things that the surveillance is permanent in its effects, even if it is discontinuous in its action; that the perfection of power should tend to render its actual exercise unnecessary; that this architectural apparatus should be a machine for creating and sustaining a power relation independent of the person who exercises it; in short, that the inmates should be caught up in a power situation of which they are themselves the bearers. To achieve this, it is at once too much and too little that the prisoner should be constantly observed by an inspector: too little, for what matters is that he knows himself to be observed; too much, because he has no need in fact of being so. In view of this, Bentham laid down the principle that power should be visible and unverifiable. Visible: the inmate will constantly have befo re his eyes the tall outline of the central tower from which he is spied upon. Unverifiable: the inmate must never know whether he is being looked at at any one moment; but he must be sure that he may always be so. In order to make the presence or absence of the inspector unverifiable, so that the prisoners, in their cells, cannot even see a shadow, Bentham envisaged not only venetian blinds on the windows of the central observation hall, but, on the inside, partitions that intersected the hall at right angles and, in order to pass from one quarter to the other, not doors but zig-zag openings; for the slightest noise, a gleam of light, a brightness in a half-opened door would betray the presence of the guardian. The Panopticon is a machine for dissociating the see/being seen dyad: in the peripheric ring, one is totally seen, without ever seeing; in the central tower, one sees everything without ever being seen. Foucault also compares modern society with Jeremy Benthams Panopticon design for prisons (which was unrealized in its original form, but nonetheless influential): in the Panopticon, a single guard can watch over many prisoners while the guard remains unseen. Ancient prisons have been replaced by clear and visible ones, but Foucault cautions that visibility is a trap. It is through this visibility, Foucault writes, that modern society exercises its controlling systems of power and knowledge (terms Foucault believed to be so fundamentally connected that he often combined them in a single hyphenated concept, power-knowledge). Increasing visibility leads to power located on an increasingly individualized level, shown by the possibility for institutions to track individuals throughout their lives. Foucault suggests that a carceral continuum runs through modern society, from the maximum security prison, through secure accommodation, probation, social workers, police, and teachers, to our e veryday working and domestic lives. All are connected by the (witting or unwitting) supervision (surveillance, application of norms of acceptable behaviour) of some humans by others. Or look into the society of the spectacle with Guy Debord The entire life of societies in which modern conditions of production reign announces itself as an immense accumulation of spectacles. Everything that was directly lived has moved away into representation. (Debord, 1977, par.1.) With the term spectacle, Debord defines the system that is a confluence of advanced capitalism, the mass media, and the types of governments who favor those phenomena. The spectacle is the inverted image of society in which relations between commodities have supplanted relations between people in which passive identification with the spectacle supplants genuine activity. The spectacle is not a collection of images, writes Debord rather, it is a social relationship between people that is meditated by images. In his analysis of the spectacular society, Debord notes that quality of life is impoverished, with such lack of authenticity human perceptions are affected, and theres also a degradation of knowledge with the hindering of critical thought. 4) Cartesian Perspectivalism, is normally considered the dominant hegemonic scopic regime of the modern era. It is a way of seeing both then and now, a method of perception that represents space and the subjects and objects in that space according to the rules of Euclidean geometry. Renaissance painters, such as Brunelleschi, and Alberti, who was known as a draftsman rather than a painter, developed a geometric space complimentary to the mathematical space of Descartess philosophy. Perspective in painting projects a plane onto its object of study and creates a one-to-one correspondence between points on the plane and points on the canvas. Brunelleschi, who is traditionally accorded to the honor of being the practical inventor of perspective, he begun by using architectural figures such as buildings, ceilings, and tiled floors which easily match the grid structure of the projective plane.   Later, other objects were fitted and shaped within the geometrical patterning of linear perspect ive. Alberti is acknowledged, almost universally, as being the first theoretical interpreter of perspective. He regarded mathematics as the common ground for art and sciences. I will take first from the mathematicians those things which my subject is concerned. (Alberti DELLA PITTURA) The scopic regime that was interpreted Descartes philosophy is usually identified with Renaissance notions of perspective in the visual arts and the Cartesian ideas of subjective rationality in philosophy. Art historian William Ivins, Jr., in his Art and Geometry of 1946 said that the history of art during the five hundred years that have elapsed since Alberti wrote has been little more than the story of slow diffusion of his ideas through the artists and peoples of Europe. Richard Rorty discussed Descartes ideas in his writing Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, published in 1979. He claimed, in the cartesian model the intellect inspects entities modeled on retinal images In Descartes conception the one that become the basis for modern epistemology it is representations which are in the mind. These two prominent social commentators, have illustrated their view which is considered to be be equivalent to our view of the modern scopic regime. The aforementioned quotes assume that Ca rtesian perspectivalism is the main visual model of modernity, these authors believe it best expresses a natural experience of sight validated by the scientific world view. (maybe say it in a simplified form too.) In his famous essay Perspective as Symbolic Form, Panofsky, a German art historian, highlights the break made through linear perspective by contrasting Renaissance painting with that of Greek and Medieval works.  Ã‚   Prior to the Renaissance, painting concerned itself with individual objects, but the space which they inhabited failed to embrace or dissolve the opposition between bodies.   Space acted as a simple superposition, a still unsystematic overlapping.  Ã‚   With linear perspective comes an abstract spatial system capable of ordering objects: As various as antique theories of space were, none of them succeeded in defining space as a system of simple relationships between height, width and depth.   In that case, in the guise of a coordinate system, the difference between front and back, here and there, body and nonbody would have resolved into the higher and more abstract concept of three-dimensional extensions, or even, as Arnold Geulincx puts it, the concept of a corpus generaliter sumptum (body taken in a general sense). (Panofsky, 1991, p.43-44.) Jay says This new concept of space was geometrically isotropic, rectilinear, abstract, and uniform. The three-dimensional, rationalized space of perspectival vision could be rendered on a two-dimensional surface by following all of the transformational rules spelled out in Albertis De Pittura, and later agreements by Viator and Dà ¼rer. A basic painting device occurred from these findings with the use of symmetrical visual pyramids, or cones, with one of their apexes receding towards the vanishing point in the painting, the other into the eye of the painter. Significantly the eye was singular, and not the normal two eyes of binocular vision. The device was made in the manner that just one eye would be looking through a peep-hole (Kemp Science in art pg 13) at a scene in front of it. Brunelleschi used a peep-hole and mirror system for viewing this perspective demonstration of the Florentine Baptistery. Brunelleschi had drilled a small hole in a panel of wood at a point equivalent to that at which his line of sight had struck the Baptistery along a perpendicular axis. The spectator was required to look through this drilled hole from the back of the panel at a mirror held in such a way, so that it would reflect the image. The eye of the viewer would be fixated and unblinking rather than dynamic. In Norman Brysons terms it followed the logic of the Gaze rather than the Glance, which produced one single point of view. Bryson, who is an art theorist, calls this the Founding Perception of the Cartesian perspectivalist tradition. the gaze of the painter arrests the flux of phenomena, contemplates the visual field from a vantage-point outside the mobility of duration, in an eternal moment of disclosed presence; while in the moment of viewing, the viewing subject unites his gaze with the Founding Perception, in a moment of perfect recreation of that first epiphany. With this visual order arose many implications, with the abstract coldness of the perspectival gaze, which meant the painters emotional connection with the objects they depicted in geometricalized space was lost. The gap between spectacle and spectator widened. Cartesian perspectivalism has, in fact, been the target of a widespread philosophical critique, which has denounced its privileging of an ahistorical, disinterested, disembodied subject entirely outside of the world it claims to know only from afar. (Jay Cartesian perspectivalism itself that it suggest it was not quite as uniformly coercive as is sometimes assumed. Although artificial perspective was the dominant model, its competitor was never entirely forgotten. John White, an artist, distinguishes between what he terms artificial perspective, in which the mirror held up to nature is flat, and synthetic perspective, in which that mirror is presumed to be concave, thus producing a curved rather than planar space on the canvas. The Cartesian perspectivalist tradition contained a potential for internal contestation in the possible uncoupling of the painters view of the scene from that of the presumed beholder. Norman Bryson identifies this development with Johannes Vermeer , who represents for him a second state perspectivalism even more discarnated that that of Alberti. The bond with the viewers physique is broken and the viewing subjectis now proposed and assumed as a notional point, a non-empirical Gaze. This observation opens up more consideration, that there is an alternative scopic regime, that may be understood as more than a sub-variant of Cartesian perspectivalism. 5) Mapping, or as Svetlana Alpers called, The Art of Descriping. A visual culture very different from what is associated with the Renaissance perspective. According to Alpers the hegemonic role of Italian painting in art history has occluded an appreciation of a second influential tradition which flourished during the seventeenth-century Dutch art. contrast realist and naturalist fictionthat the Italian Renaissance art, for all its fascination with the techniques of perspective, still held fast to the storytelling function for which they were used. GEORGE LUKACS Summarizing the contrasts between the art of describing and Cartesian perspectivalism, Alpers points out the following oppositions: attention to many small things versus a few large ones; light reflected off objects modeled by light and shadow; the surface of objects, their colours and textures, dealt with rather than their placement in a legible space; an unframed image versus one than is clearly framed; one with no clearly situated viewer compared to one with such a viewer. The distinction follows a hierarchical model of distinguishing between phenomena commonly referred to as primary and secondary: objects and space versus the surfaces, forms versus the textures of the world. (ALPERS) The non-mathematical impulse of this tradition accords well with the indifference to hierarchy, proportion, and analogical resemblances characteristic of Cartesian perspectivalism. Instead it casts its eye on the fragmentary, detailed, and richly articulated surface of a world it is content to describe rather than explain. 6) Baroque Painting The third model of vision, best identified with the baroque. As early as 1888, and Heinrich Wà ¶fflins study, Renaissance and Baroque, art historians have been tempted to find connections between the two styles in both painting and architecture. In opposition to the lucid linear, solid, fixed, planimetric, closed form of the Renaissance, or as Wà ¶lfflin called it, the classical style, the Baroque was painterly, recessional, soft-focused, multiple and open. The Baroque style began as somewhat of a continuation of the Renaissance. Later, however, scholars of the time began to see the drastic differences between the two styles as the Renaissance style gave way to Baroque art. Baroque architecture, sculpture, and painting of a dramatic nature were powerful tools in the hands of religious and secular absolutism, and flourished in the service of the Catholic Church and of Catholic monarchies. The Baroque artists were particularly focused on natural forms, spaces, colors, lights, and the relationship between the observer and the literary or portrait subject in order to produce a strong, if muted, emotional experience. The Council of Trent (1545-63), in which the Roman Catholic Church answered many questions of internal reform raised by both Protestants and by those who had remained inside the Catholic Church, addressed the representational arts by demanding that paintings and sculptures in church contexts should speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed. Due to this Baroque art tends to focus on Saints, the Virgin Mary, and other well known Bible stories. Religious painting, history painting, allegories, and portraits were still considered the most noble subjects, but landscapes, still life, and genre scenes rapidly gained notoriety. Nativity by Josefa de Óbidos, 1669, National Museum of Ancient Art, Lisbon Rorty, Richard, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979) Rose, Jacqueline, Sexuality in the Field of Vision (London: Verso, 1986) p.232-233. Metz, Christian, The Imaginary Signifier: Psychoanalysis and the Cinema (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982), p.61. Foucault, Michael, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans, Alan Sheridan (New York, 1979), p.217. Foucault, The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception, trans. A.M. Sheridan (London, 1973), p.39. Debord, Society of the Spectacle. trans. Ken Knabb (Berkeley, 1981), p.25. Deleuze, Gilles, Foucault, trans. and ed. Sean Hand (Minneapolis, 1988), p.50. Megill, Allan, Prophets of Extremity: Nietzche, Heidegger, Foucault and Derrida (Berkeley, 1985), p.218. Levy, Silvano, Foucault on Magritte and Resemblance, The Modern Language Review, 85,1 (January 1990), p.44. Debord, Guy, Society of the Spectacle (Detroit 1977), par.1. Panofsky, Erwin.   Perspective as Symbolic Form. New York: Zone Books, 1991. 41-43.

Of MIce and Men: Curley’s Wife Essay

Names have been an important facet of society for as long as Homo sapiens have existed. A name is defined as â€Å"a word or symbol used in logic to designate an entity. † In Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck teaches a lesson about the nature of human existence and shows how grim and isolated people become without hope. Steinbeck neglects to address Curley’s wife’s character by name in order to emphasize her position as a literary element and provide commentary on society in the time period during which he lived. Curley’s wife is never named because Steinbeck wished to emphasize the ubiquitous dislike of her throughout the farm. Whilst reading the novella, it is implied that no one on the farm likes Curley’s wife. However, there isn’t necessarily a flaw in her personality from which this aversion to her stems. The characters avoid interaction with her because they fear retribution from her possessive, short-tempered husband. The men on the farm begin to foster hatred toward her because her constant need for attention puts their livelihoods in danger. The men can’t ever get too familiar with her because they are distanced by the fact that she is Curley’s wife. Steinbeck constantly reminds the readers and the characters in the book of this fact by denying her a proper name. Second in the litany of reasons why Curley’s wife remains unnamed throughout the entire novella is that Steinbeck wishes to superimpose over the entire story the idea that she was a possession of Curley’s and not an independent entity. During the course of the novella, we run across multiple instances in which Curley is angered by even the idea of his wife consorting with other men, even in a platonic manner. As previously stated, Curley would even resort to firing men if he was unpleased with the way the interacted with his wife. The reader is able to draw a parallel between the way Curley treats and acts toward his wife and the way someone would act when dealing with an object of theirs. It is very clear that she is expected (by Curley and the other men, save Lennie) to obey Curley at all times. At the period in time in which the novella is set, women are expected to submit to their husband wordlessly and this is thoroughly explored in Of Mice and Men through Curley and his wife’s relationship. The zeitgeist of 1937(the year in which the book was published) and its subsequent influence on literature written around that time period is another reason Curley’s wife remains nameless. In that time, women were considered inferior to men and weren’t nearly as important in the public eye. One must remember when reading Of Mice and Men that the 19th amendment which gave women the right to vote only became an addendum in 1920. The novella was set during The Great Depression a time during which women did not have the amount of authority in society as they do today. Curley’s wife was used to depict women as troublemakers that disrupt the flow of life for men. Steinbeck failed to assign Curley’s wife a name because it was acceptable at the time for women to be undermined and overlooked. By constantly referring to her as â€Å"Curley’s wife† Steinbeck undermines her character as an independent person because she is forced to always be associated to Curley. With this â€Å"minor oversight† Steinbeck was able to use her character in idiomatic ways to enhance his writing. As indicated previously, Steinbeck writes Curley’s wife as a literary element to enhance the story as opposed to a character in the story. Almost humorously, one of the outcomes of refusing her a proper name (which I suspect was intentional) is that it caused the reader to direct more attention to her than anyone else in the story. Steinbeck is commonly known as an author who utilizes descriptions as a way to portray his characters. Curley is often mentioned as â€Å"the boss’s son. † Slim is introduced as the â€Å"jerkline skinner. † Crooks is solely referred to as â€Å"the stable buck† or simply ‘nigger’ until chapter 4. Despite the fact that all these characters have names, they are relatively miniscule parts of the story when push comes to shove, the nameless wife is the one who causes things to happen and mandates attention from every angle, be it real or fictitious (by which I mean from both readers and characters within the story). The most convincing reason yet as to why Curley’s wife remains unnamed lays in something Steinbeck once said in an interview. Steinbeck described her character as a symbol. He was recorded to have said â€Å"She has no function, except to be a foil – and a danger to Lennie. † She was the antagonist who provided the main characters something to be anxious about; she was the force that put up massive hurdles for the protagonists to overcome. A villain is defined as â€Å"The person or thing responsible for specified trouble, harm, or damage. † Inadvertently, such was the purpose of Curley’s wife. It wasn’t her plan to end Lennie’s life. She simply pursued what she felt she deserved: male attention. Her need to fill this desire for attention became so intense that it ultimately caused tragedy. In conclusion, Curley’s wife not being assigned a name was not just a mere oversight at the hands of John Steinbeck. She was an instrument used to undermine the position of women in society. Steinbeck purposefully left out her name in order to enhance his writing, and address issues during the time period in which he lived. Curley’s wife was used to depict women as the ones who threatened the happiness and well-being of men. Denying Curley’s wife a name was an integral part in the writing of Of Mice and Men. (c) Raquel Bracey, December 2012